Books: The Tripods: The Pool of Fire by John Christopher (1967)

Much like the events of 9/11 when the United States and with help from other countries, who unified to take on those whom attacked America, one of the underling aspects of John Christopher’s Tripod series has been that while what these aliens did was horrible, it made the “free men” of the world unite one enemy and if we defeat those invaders can we learn from the mistakes that lead to them? And his question –which was always there in those three books-, was could we put aside our differences and actually work towards a more utopian society, maybe something on the idea perpetrated by Gene Roddenberry and his Federation of Planets? Of course, while some good things have come from those attacks, alliances both new and made stronger, we as a planet remain divided. Our Great Schism shows through this current election cycle and is bound to get uglier before it gets better.

While Christopher’s final coda comes clearly through at the end, The Pool of Fire has much to do before it gets there:

We learned in The City of Gold and Lead that the Masters are awaiting a huge ship to arrive on Earth to implement their “final solution”, if you will, on the carbon based life forms that infest the planet: terra forming the planet so the Masters no longer have to live in the three large cities (which always seemed to me not a lot) and could roam the entire world freely. The good part is that the ship is not due for at least four years, giving the resistance time to plan their next steps: Will and Fritz spend a year traveling through Asia recruiting freedom-minded boys to their cause. Then Will helps the Resistance capture a Tripod and kidnap a living Master for their scientists to study. Will serves as the Master's prison guard, and inadvertently makes a discovery: alcohol incapacitates the Masters. That leads to a plan: small teams will sneak into the Masters' domed cities and dump alcohol into the city water supply. Will and Fritz are chosen to lead the attack on the domed city in Germany.  That attack succeeds. The Masters are incapacitated, and the Resistance cracks the city domes, asphyxiating the Masters in Earth's oxygen atmosphere. 

There is more to the story, there are setbacks before (the forgone conclusion all these series have) the final victory, but ultimately the best part of the book is at the end, with the authors bleak coda. 

But before I talk about that, I want to mention that while I found the idea of the Tripods, the Masters interesting, for being so advanced –space travel and mind control and other wondrous things- they failed to understand humans. They were naive to think that once human emotions of violence were suppressed with the Capping that they would be forever docile. There had been some disagreement between them as to an age when a child (mainly men, which I found oddly annoying) became too rebellious –some felt it earlier than the current 14 years of age, but in the end this plot thread was dropped. I also found the idea that failed Cappings on certain humans, the ones that became the vagrants, another of their failures to follow-up on sort of predicted their ultimate fall. 

While the TV series versions set the first book in 2089 and the second in 2090, and with the third (if it had been made) most likely in 2091, Christopher did one wise thing, which was not to say how far in the future these books are set. Thus it makes themes universal, plus it gets around any technological advances that have taken place in the years that would to come, though I’m assuming the author would’ve never guessed his series would forever remain in print. 

Of course, as Christopher noted in the 35^th anniversary version of The White Mountains, by the time the proposal to write the Tripod series, he was sort of tired of the science fiction genre he had been writing in for a while. “The publisher”, he wrote, “wanted the future; I was more interested in the past.” Which was how the idea of taking the elements of the “future” and setting them on a future Earth that, more or less, resembled a medieval time period of England (something Doctor Who was already doing in the 1960s) made him interested in doing the series. 

Like the previous two books, there is a lot of stuff that is condensed (at the time, these “children’s” books were designed to short, which, good or bad, has changed in the last 50 years); sometimes we only get brief sentences about things that spans months or years. I mean, I would’ve found it interesting to explore Will (ever the flawed character, and one constant through the books) and Fritz’s year long journey to find help to overthrow the Masters, or Beanpole’s scientific studies on how to defeat the Masters –along with how they found and got an air army going with war planes that got left behind. And as I mentioned, the adaptations of the first two books were padded, but I suspect what was added –the action, the creation of lacking female characters and what not- was more or less designed to appeal to the TV demographic than story function. 

But the final question of the story is still relevant today as it was some fifty years ago: Having mastered the Masters, can humanity now master itself?

Books: The Tripods: The City of Gold and Lead by John Christopher (1967)

“After a year in the White Mountains of hard training, the resistance charges Will, Beanpole, and a German boy named Fritz, to infiltrate a Tripod City by competing in a regional sporting exhibition. Will, a boxer, and Fritz, a runner, win their respective contests, while Beanpole fails to win in the jumping events. The winners are taken to the Tripod city in a pressurized dome astride a river. Inside the city, the boys discover the Tripods' operators, whom they refer to as the "Masters". Human males are slaves inside the cities, while beautiful females are killed and preserved for the Masters to admire. Slaves are furnished with breathing masks to survive the aliens' atmosphere, but are rapidly exhausted by the stronger artificial gravity and must therefore be periodically replaced. Although Fritz is abused by his Master, Will is treated as a privileged pet by his. Eventually, Will's Master reveals a plan to replace the Earth's atmosphere with the Masters' toxic air to enable full control of the Earth.”

The City of Gold and Lead is a tense, lean tale and is much creepier than the first book in the series. What worked was the whole concept of the Masters and their bizarre city of gold. Christopher comes up with intriguing ideas, even if he spends little time trying to fully explain them. The book still has issues with women, and while I don’t want to make apologies for the authors treatment of them, I’m still tend to accept that book was written at time when the world still saw women as the happy homemaker, concerned only with trivial things. They were not seen then as true individuals. Plus, again, this series was directed at males so it can be expected a bit to believe young boy readers would not like to see heroic women. There is also a suggestion that the boys are not only verbally and psychically abused by the Masters, but they are also molested by them. We also get a glimpse at how the Tripods overtook the world, but once again, the details are slim. Maybe something more is forthcoming in book 3?

A lot of this stuff was dropped in the 1985 12 episode TV adaptation, with a bunch of new subplots and characters (females!!!) being added to offset some of the more homoerotic and, let’s face it, weirder and kinkier aspects that would’ve been hard to conceive on a TV budget back then. Which leads to the fact that Disney has held the rights to this trilogy since 1997 and it would be interesting to see how close a version of the book(s) they could do now. I still think they would need to add a few new subplots and expand other set pieces like the TV version did and they would probably change the gender of either Henry or Beanpole (and why not Will as well?) to a women to entice the female audience. And it’s obvious the technology of visual effects has greatly advanced in the 30 years since this series aired, so that would be keen. There even had been a suggestion that a film adaptation was coming in 2012, but that may have been about the time of the authors passing and it was just hopeful thinking. 

Now onto the concluding book…

Books: The Tripods: The White Mountains By John Christopher (1966)

This year marked the 50^th anniversary of John Christopher’s young adult trilogy The Tripods. The author, who passed away in 2012 at 89, was a long-time writer of science fiction who published books and stories under various pseudonyms over his long career. But it was these three books –and a fourth title, a prequel released some 20 years after the last book, that he is mainly known for.

Two of the three books were adapted by the BBC and Australia's Network Seven into a series, one with 13 episodes and the other with 12. The third series was axed due to low ratings and (then) BBC head Michael Grade’s all out war on science fiction. Grade, of course, was the man who cancelled long running Doctor Who back then, only to revive when there was such an uproar and who eventually cancelled it again in 1989. 

Back in 1985 when my local PBS station in Chicago WTTW began airing this series on Sundays (pairing it with Doctor Who reruns), I remember enjoying the series. I have no reason as to why it’s taken me this long to read the books, but I do know that the series, despite its many issues it had, never left me. The acting, like most BBC dramas, was better than you would expect.  Of course the BBC was aware that its many shows relied on strong acting and characterization to make up for the less than stellar production values. And science fiction, despite the long running Doctor Who TV series, were not that highly budgeted shows. But for The Tripods, the visual effects became the marketing ploy designed to interest outside bidders just as effects driven shows and movies were becoming popular.

And I think that’s what stuck with me, the visual aspects, the fact that the show never really delved into how the alien Tripods over took the planet, and performances from the young cast. 

“Life goes on largely as it had in the pre-industrial era, excepting that all adult humans are subject to Tripod control. Will, a thirteen-year-old boy living in the English village of Wherton, is looking forward to the next "Capping Day", until a chance meeting with a mysterious uncapped man named Ozymandias who prompts him to discover a world beyond the Tripods' control. He is accompanied by his cousin Henry and latter a French teenager named Jean-Paul Deliet, nicknamed "Beanpole". The novel climaxes with Henry and Beanpole discovering that earlier, when Will had been captured by a Tripod, he had been unknowingly implanted with a tracking device. When Henry and Beanpole remove the device, a nearby Tripod attacks them; but the boys defeat the Tripod and eventually join the resistance, located in the titular White Mountains.”

Having re-watched most of the first series on Youtube, it’s amazing how much padding was added to the book. At a slim 195 pages, The White Mountains is much tighter tale than what amounts to six-plus hours of the first season of the TV series. I found I enjoyed the book much more than the show because Christopher did not need to go off on so many tangents. 

The book does have some weakness, but I believe that has something to do with the era in which it was written. While the themes of dystopian world have been around much longer than Hollywood’s current obsession with it, this series was clearly designed to appeal to white boys –who was the demographic that publishers only seemed to care about back them. Girls are rarely talked about or even mentioned, and when they’re seen and heard, they’re idealized versions -and usually end up being Capped as well. This may have worked in the late 1960s, but by the time the series was produced in 1984/85, the producers and writers saw subtle subtext of too many half-naked boys hanging (especially in series two) about and added some of the opposite sex. However, while the girls were a little more present in the later episodes of season one and more in season two, they were still seen as subservient to men, doing the cooking and being concerned with looks and whispering about boy. None could be considered individualistic and hero like. 

But after fifty years, The White Mountains is still a vibrant analogy about growing up and boys becoming men. Childhood is about freedom here, while being an adult is about being a sheep (the Capped could be seen as men donning ties and suits and heading off in trains to be controlled by bosses). Unintentionally or not by the author, Will can be a bit of jerk though, and carries typical teenage boy bravado of letting his hubris get in the way of most things, along with a bad temper. And I did find the impulsiveness of Will and Henry to abandon their families a bit odd. While Henry may have had a better reason –his Mom had died and barley had a relationship with his distant father- Will’s hastiness to walk out on his parents and his village seems an obvious plot device.